Wilms Tumor Ppt New May 2026

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common primary renal malignancy in children, accounting for approximately 90% of pediatric kidney cancers. While historical outcomes were once poor, modern multi-modal treatment strategies—coordinated by major international bodies like the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP)—have elevated the overall five-year survival rate to over 90%. Current research is shifting focus from merely achieving a cure to reducing the long-term toxicity of treatment and identifying molecular markers that can predict outcomes for high-risk subgroups, such as those with diffuse anaplastic histology. Genetic Basis and Pathogenesis

Diagnosis of Wilms Tumor

• Congestive heart failure (doxorubicin) – screening echocardiogram every 5 years lifelong.
• Renal insufficiency (nephrectomy + radiation) – monitor blood pressure, proteinuria, eGFR.
• Second malignancies (especially after etoposide + radiation) – AML risk 2-4% at 10 years.
• Female fertility – ovarian transposition prior to flank radiation is now recommended for all girls.

• Asymptomatic abdominal mass (parents may notice while bathing child).
• Hematuria (microscopic or gross; 15–20%).
• Hypertension (due to renin secretion; 25%).

Key Learning Objectives (Slide 1-2)

By the end of this presentation, the audience will be able to: wilms tumor ppt new