After independence in 1947, India faced three "life-or-death" challenges: Unity and Integration:
The Problem: The British declared that with their departure, these states were legally independent and could join India, Pakistan, or remain free. This threatened to "Balkanize" India (break it into tiny pieces). challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot
After integration, people asked: We are free, but why can’t we rule in our own mother tongue? After independence in 1947
Challenges of Nation-Building: Class 12 Notes people asked: We are free