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| Chapter | Core Topics | Typical Illustrations | |---------|-------------|-----------------------| | 1. Introduction to Biostatistics | Role of statistics in biology & medicine, types of data | Simple clinical trial summaries | | 2. Data Presentation | Frequency tables, histograms, bar charts, pie charts, stem‑and‑leaf | Blood‑group distribution, age‑group frequencies | | 3. Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion | Mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation | Height & weight data of a sample population | | 4. Probability Foundations | Sample space, events, conditional probability, Bayes theorem | Disease prevalence vs. test characteristics | | 5. Discrete Distributions | Binomial, Poisson, geometric | Number of infections in a given period | | 6. Continuous Distributions | Normal, t, χ², F | Body‑temperature distribution, ANOVA background | | 7. Sampling & Estimation | Simple random sampling, stratified sampling, point & interval estimation | Estimating mean blood pressure | | 8. Hypothesis Testing | Null/alternative hypotheses, Type I & II errors, p‑values, power, one‑ and two‑sample tests | Comparing drug efficacy | | 9. Correlation & Regression | Pearson & Spearman correlation, simple linear regression, multiple regression basics | Relationship between cholesterol and age | | 10. Non‑Parametric Tests | Chi‑square, Mann‑Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed‑rank | Categorical data analysis | | 11. Survival Analysis (introductory) | Life tables, Kaplan‑Meier estimator, log‑rank test | Time‑to‑event data in clinical trials | | Appendix | Statistical tables (Z, t, χ², F) and a quick‑reference guide to formulas | Ready‑to‑use critical values |
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Biostatistics by P. Ramakrishnan
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