Biology O Level 5090 Notes Better | Fast |

Master Biology O Level 5090: Why Better Notes Make the Difference

• Question: Why is the leaf boiled in alcohol? (Answer: Remove chlorophyll).
• Distractor: To kill the leaf. (WRONG – boiling water kills the leaf).
• Note to self: Alcohol = Chlorophyll. Water = Softening/Killing.

The Leaf Structure (Adaptations)

• Broad & Flat: Large surface area for light absorption.
• Thin: Short diffusion path for gases.
• Waxy Cuticle: Waterproof layer to prevent water loss.
• Palisade Mesophyll: Tightly packed cells near the top surface containing many chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis.
• Spongy Mesophyll: Air spaces allow gas exchange ($CO_2$, $O_2$, water vapor).

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Effect on plant cells:

Weaknesses: