Anatomy And Physiology Of Eye Ak Khurana Pdf (2024)

The book " Anatomy and Physiology of Eye " by A.K. Khurana and Indu Khurana is a widely respected academic text designed primarily for postgraduate students in ophthalmology and optometry. It is part of the "Modern System of Ophthalmology" (MSO) series and is currently in its fourth edition. Where to Find the Book

The Walls of the Orbit

Khurana meticulously describes the seven bones that form the orbit: Frontal, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Lacrimal, and Palatine. anatomy and physiology of eye ak khurana pdf

1. Cornea: The cornea is the transparent, avascular (without blood vessels) outermost layer of the eye. It covers the anterior (front) one-sixth of the eyeball and plays a crucial role in refracting (bending) light.
2. Sclera: The sclera is the white, fibrous, and protective outer layer of the eye. It provides attachment to the extraocular muscles and maintains the eye's shape.
3. Uvea: The uvea, also known as the vascular layer, consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It supplies the eye with blood and provides a pathway for the circulation of aqueous humor.
4. Iris: The iris is the colored, muscular diaphragm that separates the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
5. Pupil: The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
6. Lens: The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure behind the iris that changes shape to focus light on the retina.
7. Retina: The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, responsible for converting light into electrical signals. It consists of specialized photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neural cells.
8. Macula: The macula is a specialized region at the center of the retina responsible for central vision and fine detail.

Metabolism and Blood Supply: Explains the nourishment pathways for the crystalline lens and other avascular structures. Embryological Development Anatomy and Physiology of Eye eBook - Amazon.com The book " Anatomy and Physiology of Eye " by A

• Transparency due to: Avascularity, regular collagen spacing, dehydration by endothelium.
• Refractive power: +43 diopters (most of the eye’s total +60D).
• Nutrition: From aqueous humor, limbal vessels, and tears.

Dry Eye Disease is explained as a deficiency in any of these layers. Cornea : The cornea is the transparent, avascular